Ägyptens Muslimbruderschaftspräsident Morsis neue Aussenpolitik: Iran-China-Nichtpaktgebundene
Kaum beachtet in unseren Mainstreammedien, kann man auf den Seiten der Muslimbruderschaft, al-Ahram und des chinesischen Aussenministeriums Nachrichten lesen, die Aufschluss über die neue aussenpolitische Orientierung des gewählten ägyptischen Muslimbruderschafts-Präsidenten Morsi geben.Zuerst fällt auf, dass die Muslimbruderschaft betont, dass sie ein wirtschaftliches Programm für Ägypten hat, das freie Marktwirtschaft und soziale Gerechtigkeit miteinander vereint.Als nächstes auf der Webseite der Muslimbrüder steht zu lesen, dass die Partei der Muslimbruderschaft Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) des neugewählte Präsident die Auflagen des Internationalen Währungsfonds prüfen werde, gleichzeitig aber betont wird, dass man sich für die Schulden der Mubarak-Zeit nicht verantwortlich fühlt und diese der zukünftigen Generation nicht auflasten wolle. Ein Weltbankkredit wird abgelehnt, da solche „painkiller“ nur die Symptome bekämpften, nicht aber die Ursachen.Eine derartige Ankündigung der Kreditverweigerung gegen das internationale Finanzkapital ist geradezu revolutionär und es bleibt abzuwarten, inwieweit Morsi dies übernimmt oder eben nur relativiert nach dem Motto: Das war eine FJP-Forderung, aber nicht die Forderung des ägyptischen Präsidenten.Zumndestens erhofft er sich wahrscheinlich dadurch mehr Verhandlungsspielraum gegenüber dem IWF.Bezeichnenderweise führen die ersten wichtigen Staatsbesuche Morsis nach China und in den Iran, wo Morsi zudem auf einem Treffen der Nichtpaktgebundenen teilnehmen will.Ebenso interessant ist, dass zuvor schon Irans VizepremierHamid Baghai Morsi im Präsidentenpalast in Ägypten besuchte, um die ägyptisch-iranischen Beziehungen wieder zu verbessern. Zwar gab es Punkte der Uneinigkeit, vor allem die Unterstützung Irans für Syriens Assad (während die ägyptischen Muslimbrüder die syrischen Muslimbrüder gegen Assad unterstützen), doch nach einem Sturz Assads könnten auch diese wieder bereinigt werden und könnte sich der Weg bahnen für eine ägyptisch-iranisch-chinesische Achse, die sich zudem der Unterstützung der Nichtpaktgebundenen versichert.
Interessant ist, dass Ägyptens neuer Mulimbruderpräsident seinen ersten Auslandsbesuch in ein nichtmuslimisches Land in China abhält. Morsi möchte wahrscheinlich einmal China als Gegengewicht zu den USA ins Spiel bringen, um seinen Handlungsspielraum zu erweitern. Wie Pakistan und die Türkei jetzt schon gemeinsame Militärmanöver mit der chinesischen Luftwaffe abhielten, wäre Ägypten für China vielleicht auch ein interessanter Partner–vor allem mit Blick auf das Mittelmeer und den Suezkanal.China könnte auch potentiell die 1,5 Milliarden US-Militärhilfe für Ägyptens Militär aus der Portokasse bezahlen. Freilich wäre erst einmal zu untersuchen, ob China die USA im Greater Middle East so frontal angehen werden oder doch lieber auf Deeskalation und Handelskontakte mit Ägypten setzt statt auf direkter militärischer Unterstützung, zumal auch die Befürchtung sein könnte, sich hier in einen Konflikt mit Israel hineinzubegeben.Aber auch China wird sich überlegen, wer die Rolle Syriens im Falle des Sturzes Assads in der Region für ihn ausfüllen könnte. Ebenso könnte China als Antwort auf die Verstärkung des US-Militärs in Asien einen Kontrapunkt setzen, indem es seinen pivot in Richtung Greater Middle East verlagert.Vielleicht spekuliert Morsi auch darauf, dass ein Zugehen auf China ihn den Weg nach Washington und Europa ebnen könnteLänder aus denen er bisher noch keine Einladung zu einem Staatsbesuch bekommen hat..Aber wohl erst nach dem US-Wahlkampf, da die Republikaner noch viele Resentiments gegen die Muslimbrüder haben und schon den Besuch von Hillary Clinton bei Morsi kritisierten.Wohl, um einer zu iranfreudlichen und antiwestlichen Politik Morsis entgegenzusteuern hat jetzt Katar erklärt, dass es beabsichtigt 18 Mrd. Dollar in Ägypten zu investieren. So kann man bei der russichen Nachrichtenagentur RIA Novosti lesen:
Katar investiert Milliarden in ägyptische Wirtschaft
22:30 06/09/2012
MOSKAU, 06. September (RIA Novosti).
Katar will insgesamt 18 Milliarden US-Dollar in die ägyptische Wirtschaft investieren, wie die AFP am Donnerstag unter Berufung auf den ägyptischen Premier Hisham Kandil meldet.
Ein diesbezügliches Abkommen wurde am Donnerstag unterzeichnet.
Kandil zufolge sollen die Finanzmittel, die für die Finanzierung der Touristikbranche, der Industrie und der Energiewirtschaft bestimmt sind, innerhalb von fünf Jahren an Ägypten überwiesen werden.
Der Emir von Katar, Scheich Hamad Al Thani, hatte Mitte August verfügt, bei der ägyptischen Zentralbank zwei Milliarden US-Dollar einzuzahlen. Die Bedingungen für die Einlage wurden damals nicht öffentlich bekannt gegeben.
Nach der ägyptischen Revolution im Frühjahr 2011 hatten die Anrainerstaaten des Persischen Golfs, vor allem Saudi-Arabien und Katar, Ägypten für Umgestaltungen im Sozial- und Wirtschaftsbereich eine beachtliche Finanzhilfe versprochen. Bis jetzt hat Ägypten von den Golfmonarchien aber nur kurzfristige zielgebundene Kredite, insbesondere für den Import aus diesen Länder, erhalten.
Hier noch ein Pressespiegel der aussenpolitischen Aktivitäten Morsis:
Egypt’s President Morsi to visit China for first time since in office
Thu Aug 23, 2012 5:30AM GMT
Egypt’s President Mohamed Morsi is to pay a visit to China next week at the invitation of his Chinese counterpart, China’s Foreign Ministry says.
The trip, scheduled to take place from August 28 to 30, will be Morsi’s first visit to China since he took office on June 30.“This will be President Morsi’s first visit to China since taking office, and China attaches great importance to it,” Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei said in a statement late on Wednesday.
China and Egypt will sign cooperation agreements and discuss regional and international issues of mutual interest, Hong said, without giving details.He also expressed hope that the visit will further promote the development of bilateral friendly cooperative relations under the new situation.
The two countries have maintained close communication and coordination in international and regional affairs, and had good cooperation under the frameworks of China-Arab States Cooperation Forum and Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, Hong stated.
On June 24, after days of delay, Egypt’s Supreme Presidential Electoral Commission announced that Morsi had won the country’s June 16-17 run-off presidential election.
Morsi picked up 13.2 million votes out of just over 26 million ballots cast, which had given him 51.7 percent of the vote.
After the announcement, tens of thousands of Egyptians gathered in the capital, Cairo, and across the country to celebrate the victory.
MSH/HSN
http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2012/08/23/257676/egypts-president-morsi-to-visit-china/
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http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx/t962741.htm
China Egypt to sign cooperation agreements during Morsi’s first visit to Beijing
China attaches great importance to Egypt’s president’s visit, says Chinese foreign ministry spokesman.
AFP, Thursday 23 Aug 2012
President Mohamed Morsi will make his first official visit to Beijing next week, China’s foreign ministry has said. „This will be President Morsi’s first visit to China since taking office, and China attaches great importance to it,“ foreign ministry spokesman Hong Lei said in a statement late Wednesday.
China and Egypt will sign cooperation agreements and discuss regional and international issues of mutual interest, Lei said, without giving details.
Trade between the two countries totaled $8.8 billion last year, up 40 per cent from 2008, according to the Egyptian Ministry of Commerce.
Morsi will attend the UN General Assembly session in New York on 23 September, and then visit senior US officials in Washington, Egyptian state media on Wednesday quoted his spokesperson as saying.
http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/140/51062/Egypt/First–days/China-Egypt-to-sign-cooperation-agreements-during-.aspx
Egypt’s president to visit China and Iran this month
Egypt’s President Morsi is scheduled to meet with China’s president late this month before he heads to Tehran, the first visit of an Egyptian leader to Iran in 30 years
Ahram Online, Sunday 19 Aug 2012
President Mohamed Morsi is to visit China 27 August for a three-day visit in which he will meet with Chinese President Hiu Jinato, as reported by the Egyptian president’s official Facebook page.
The scheduled visit comes upon the invitation of the Chinese president. The two leaders plan to discuss crucial issues facing the Arab world, such as the Syrian situation and the Palestinian question.
The two presidents will also discuss ways of enhancing commercial exchange between their respective countries, in addition to increasing Chinese investment in Egypt.
Following his visit to China, Morsi will head — according to state news agency MENA — to Iran 30 August to attend a summit, making the first visit of an Egyptian president to Tehran for more than 30 years.
The two visits may mark changes in Egypt’s foreign policy, given that both powerful countries have tense relations with the United States, to whom Egypt has been a loyal ally, especially under the rule of ousted president Hosni Mubarak.
Egypt’s Morsi to attend NAM summit in Iran
AFP, Saturday 18 Aug 2012
President Mohamed Morsi plans to attend a summit in Iran this month, state media reported on Saturday, on the first such visit since Egypt severed ties with Tehran more than three decades ago.
The official MENA news agency quoted a source in the presidency as saying Morsi will attend the Non-Aligned Movement summit in Tehran on August 30-31 at which Egypt will transfer the bloc’s rotating leadership to Iran.
Cairo and Tehran severed diplomatic relations after the 1979 Islamic revolution in Iran, and Egypt has accused Tehran of backing militants on its turf.
Morsi, the country’s first Islamist president, has been expected to improve ties with Tehran since his inauguration on June 30. It is unclear whether Morsi will hold two-way meetings with Iranian officials during the visit.
Under ousted president Hosni Mubarak, several attempts were by trade ministers and business leaders to bolster economic ties. But they stirred objections from the foreign ministry and intelligence circles, officials said at the time.
On Thursday, the United States said it had told Secretary General Ban Ki-moon that the NAM summit in Iran sent a „strange signal“ after Tehran reported that the UN chief would also attend.
Egypt Iran rapprochement: Some timid first steps
Egypt and Iran are set to ease out differences but are not expected to immediately restore diplomatic relations, sources say
Dina Ezzat, Friday 10 Aug 2012
Egypt’s President Mohamed Morsi (R) meets with Iran’s Executive Vice President Hamid Baghai at the presidential palace in Cairo (Photo: Reuters)
The visit of Iranian vice president Hamid Bakaei served a bigger purpose than that of handing out an invitation for the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) summit in Tehran late this month from Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmedinijad to Egyptian president Mohamed Morsi, according to diplomats on both sides.
The visit, they said, opened the door for a smoother rapport between Cairo and Tehran whose relations remain severed since they were cut off by the Islamic Republic of Iran upon the ousting of the Shah and his reception in Egypt in 1979.
Bakaei was received by Morsi who promised, according to Egyptian and Iranian sources, to accept the invitation.
Morsi’s expected two-day visit to Iran would be the first by an Egyptian president in over three decades since late president Anwar Sadat was a regular flyer to Tehran.
The visit of Morsi, Egypt’s first Islamist president to the Islamic Republic of Iran, is expected to be short – a day most probably.
According to the tentative schedule of the visit Morsi would head the Egyptian delegation to the NAM summit. He would turn over the presidency of the summit from Egypt to Iran. He would then hold talks with his Iranian counterpart and senior Iranian officials and intellectuals on the side of the summit.
The talks of Morsi in Tehran as those of Bakaei in cairo this week would focus on expanding the avenues of cooperation between he two countries, both at the bilateral and multilateral fronts.
On the bilateral front, the two countries would examine specific plans for economic, scientific and cultural cooperation – excluding most probably the expansion of the volume of Iranian tourists to Egypt who wish to visit the Cairo mosques affiliated to the family of Prophet Mohamed.
„This issue is out of the question now,“ said a senior security source.
Traditionally, Egyptian security bodies are sensitive to these religious tours for fear of an assumed expansion of the very limited volume of a few thousand Muslim Shiaas in a country of close to 90 millions which is predominantly Sunni Muslim and 10 per cent Copt.
Also on the table of bilateral talks is the cooperation of the two countries to help ease the suffering of Palestinians in Gaza living for the last five years under an Israeli siege that international humanitarian organisations qualify as a brutal violation of international humanitarian law.
Egypt, set to toughen its security measures in Sinai following the Sunday brutal slaying of border gurads at the hands of suspected Islamist militants, is willing to consider alternatives to provide Gaza with basic humanitarian needs in parallel with the closing down of illicit tunnels between Gaza and Rafah which are used to smuggle food and medicines, along with arms to fighters.
Developments in Syria, Tehran’s strategic ally, will also be on the table of Morsi’s talks with his Iranian interlocutors.
Egyptian officials say it is unwise to exaggerate the prospects of a boom in Egyptian Iranian relations at this moment.
„Eventually things could improve but it is premature now to expect an immediate normalisaiton of relations,“ said an Egyptian diplomat.
According to the same diplomat, who had served in Egypt’s diplomatic mission in Tehran, the call for resuming normal relations with Iranpredates the election of the Islamist president.
„Amr Moussa (Egypt’s foreign minister in the 1990s) tried very hard to give a push to this matter and he was hoping to make a breakthrough when he visited iran in December 1997 at the head of the Egyptian delegation to the Organisaiton of the Islamic Confernce summit there but his efforts were undermined by security warnings to the (ousted) president,“ he said.
Upon his assignment as Egypt’s first post 25 January Revolution minister of foreign affairs in March 2011, Nabil El-Arabi announced plans to resume relations with Iran. However, the plans were subverted by the same security bodies.
Today, these security bodies blame Tehran for supporting the militant groups that executed the Rafah operation – something that Bakaei categorically denied in his talks with Morsi.
In his meetings with Egyptian officials in Cairo, Bakei examined avenues of the plausible economic and trade cooperation between Cairo and Tehran, including an old plan that was designed by Ahmed Shafiq, Mubarak’s last minister of civil aviation and morsi’s own adversary in the second round of presidential elections, to establish commercial aviation line between the two countries.
Translation of books and exchange of some films and musique bands are also considered by both sides.
Iran’s vice-president to pay historic visit to Egypt
The visit is the first of a high-profile Iranian official to Egypt in decades
Hatem Maher, Tuesday 7 Aug 2012
Iran’s vice-president Hamid Baghaei will arrive in Cairo on Wednesday to meet President Mohamed Morsi, the first time in decades that a high-ranking Iranian official has visited Egypt.
Egypt and Iran have not had full diplomatic relations since 1980, following Iran’s Islamic Revolution and Egypt’s recognition of Israel.
Baqai will deliver an invitation for Morsi to attend the summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) later this month, according to Ahram’s Arabic-language website.
„The president has yet to decide whether to attend the summit,“ Morsi’s spokesman Yasser Ali was quoted as saying.
The NAM summit will take place from 26-31 August in Tehran.
An Iranian news agency stirred controversy in June when it quoted Morsi as saying that he sought to restore long-severed ties with Iran, a few days after being elected as Egypt’s first president following the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak in February 2011.
However, Morsi swiftly moved to deny that he had spoken to Fars news agency.
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